Artículos
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Dermatología
Protectores solares.
Referencias
1. M.A. Pathak. Sunscreens: topical and systemic ap¬proaches for the prevention of acute and chronic sun-induced skin reactions. Dermatol. Clin. 4, 321-334, 1986.
2. A.R. Young and S.L. Walker. Photoprotection and UVR-induced immunosupression, In Photoimmunologv (Edited by J, Krutmann and C. A. Elmets). pp, 285-297. Blackwell Science. Oxford, 1995.
3. J.P. Cleaver and K. H. Kraemer. Xeroderma pigmentosum. In The Metabolic Basis of Inherited Disease, 7th ed., Vol. III (Edited by C. R. Scriver, A. L. Beadet, W. S. Sly and D. Valle), pp. 4393-4419, McGraw-Hill, New York 1995.
4. M.A. Weinstock. No-melanoma skin cancer mortality in the United States, 1969 through 1988. Arch. Dermatol. 129, 1286-1290, 1993.
5. S. Chapman, R. Marks and M. King. Trends in tans and skin protection in Australian fashion magazines, 1982 through 1901. Am. J. Public Health 82, 1677-1680, 1992.
6. S. Rothman and J. Rubin. Sunburn and para-aminobenzoic acid, J. Invest. Dermatol. 5, 445-457, 1942.
7. Sunscreen drug products for over-the-counter human use; tentative final monograph; proposed rule. Fed. Reg. 58, 28194-28302, 1993.
8. C.F. Chignell, B. Kaiyanaraman, R.P. Mason and R.H. Sik. Spectroscopic studies of cutaneous photosensitizing agents. I. Spin trapping of photolysis products from sulfanilamide, 4-aminobenzoic acid, and related compounds. Photochem. Photobiol. 32, 563-571, 1980.
9. F. Gasparro. UV-induced photoproducts of para-aminobenzoic acid. Photodermatology 2, 151-157, 1985
10. A.A. Shaw, L. A. Wainschel and M.D. Shetlar. The photochemistry of p-aminobenzoic acid. Photochem. Photobiol. 55, 647-656, 1992.
11. J.M. Allen, C.J. Gossett and S.K. Allen. Photochemical formation of singlet molecular oxygen (1O2) in illuminated aqueos solutions of p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA). J. Photochem. Photobiol. B: Biol., 32, 33-37, 1996.
12. J.M. Allen, S. Egenolf and S.K. Allen. Rapid reaction of singlet molecular oxygen (1O2) with p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) in aqueous solution. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 212, 1145-1151, 1995.
13. P. Morliere, O. Avice, T. Meló, L. Dubertret, M. Giraud and R. Santus. A study of the photochemical properties of some cinnamate sunscreens by steady-state and laser flash photolysis. Photochem. Photobiol. 36, 395-399, 1982.
14. J. K. Broadbent, B. S. Martincigh, M. W. Raynor, L. F. Salter, R. Moulder, P. Sjoberg and M. E. Markides. Capillary supercritical fluid chromatography combined with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry for the investigation of photoproduct formation in the sunscreen absorber 2-ethylhexyl-p-methoxicinnamate. J. Chromatog. A. 732, 101-110, 1996.
15. N. M. Roscher, M. K. O. Lindemann, S. B. Kong, C. G. Cho, P. Jiang. Photodecomposition of several compounds commonly used as sunscreen agents. J. Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem. 80, 417-421, 1994.
16. J. J. Inbaraj, P. Bilski, C. F. Chignell, Photophysical and photochemical studies of 2-phenylbenzimisazole and UVB sunscreen 2-phenylbenzimidazole-5-sulfonic acid. Photochem. Photobiol. 75, 107-116, 2002.
17. R. J. Motley, A. J. Reynolds. Photocontact dermatitis due to isopropyl and butyl methoxy dibenzoylmethanes (Eusolex 8020 and Parsol 1789). Contact Dermatitis 21, 109-110, 1989.
18. G. M. Murphy, I. R. White, E. Cronin. Immediate and delayed photocontact dermatitis from isopropyl dibenzoylmethane. Contact Dermatitis, 22, 129-131, 1990.
19. S. Schauder, H. Ippen. Photoallergic and allergic contact dermatitis from dibenzoylmethanes. Photodermatology 3, 140-147, 1986.
20. S. Sommer, S. M. Wilkinson, J. S. C. English, J. Ferguson. Photoallergic contact dermatitis from the sunscreen octyl triazone. Contact Dermatitis 46, 304-305, 2002.
21. R. Dunford, A. Salinaro, L. Cai, N. Serpone, S. Horikoshi, H. Hidaka, J. Knowland. Chemical oxidation and DNA damage catalyzed by inorganic sunscreen ingredients. FEBS Lett. 418, 87-90, 1997.
22. J. Knowland, E. A. McKenzie, P. J. McHugh, N. A. Cridland. Sunlight-induced mutagenicity of a common sunscreen ingredient. FEBS Lett. 324, 309-313, 1993
23. F. Vargas, I. Martínez, J. Sequera, H. Méndez, J. Rojas, G. Fraile, M. Velásquez, R. Medina. Photodegradation and phototoxicity studies of furosemide. Involvement of singlet oxygen in the photoinduced hemolysis and lipid peroxidation. J. Photochem. Photobiol. B: Biol. 42, 219-225, 1998.
24. J. Das, R.K. Crouch, P.L. Chong. Fluorescence properties of pyrylretinol. Photochem. Photobiol, 72, 415-420, 2000.
25. K. Gollnick, G. O. Shenck. Mechanism and stereoselectivity of photosensitized oxygen transfer reactions. Pure Appl. Chem. 9, 507-525, 1964.
26. C. Yan, K. Liao, Y. Hu, Y. Xu. Quantitative in vitro assessment of drug phototoxicity by a chemiluminescence method. Chin. Med. J. 112, 501-503, 1999.
27. F. Boscá, M. A. Miranda, L. Vaño, F. Vargas. New Photodegradation pathways for naproxen, a phototoxic nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug. J. Photochem. Photobiol., A. Chem. 54, 131-134, 1990.
28. Y. Shindo, E. Witt, D. Han, L. Packer Dose-response effects of acute ultraviolet irradiation on antioxidants and molecular markers of oxidation in murine epidermis and dermis. J. Invest. Dermatol. 102, 470-475, 1994.
29. M. Kitazawa, M. Podda, J. Thiele, M.G. Traber, K. Iwasaki, K. Sakamoto, L. Packer. Interactions between vitamin E homologues and ascobate free radicals in murine skin homogenates irradiated with ultraviolet light. Photochem. Photobiol. 65, 355-365, 1997.
Franklin Vargas*
Laboratorio de Fotoquímica, Centro de Química, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas I.V.I.C., Apartado 21827, Caracas 1020-A, Venezuela. Tel: +582-504-1338; E-mail: fvargas@ivic.ve.
Autor: Franklin Vargas y cols.
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